Present Time 3

Present Time 3

Present Simple: Frequency adverbs

                 *     Frequency adverbs are often used with the Present Simple. They explain how often                               someone does an action or something happens. 

 Examples: 

                 *     I always get up at 5:00 AM. 

                 *     Danny often goes to football games.

                 *     It usually rains when I take a vacation!

                 *     We sometimes eat pizza for lunch. 

                 *     John rarely listens to jazz. 

                 *     My friend never arrives on time. 

• Note that the frequency adverb usually goes between the subject and the verb. 

• Frequency adverbs used with the verb "be" come after the verb. 
• Jim is usually late.

State and event verbs

• Some verbs are usually used in present simple and not in present continuous. These are sometimes called state verbs because they describe continuing states, not sudden action

• having and being:  belong to contain, cost, depend on, have, own.
• Thinking and feeling:  believe, forget, like, hate, know, prefer, understand.

• Some verbs are more common as state verbs in present simple, and change their meaning when they are used as event verbs in present continuous. 

          Event verbs describe actions. 

                I have two sisters.                                        (permanent)

                I´m having problems with this computer.   (a temporary action)

           Examples include Be, have, taste, think. 

• Some state verbs can be used to describe temporary feelings. 

                 How are you doing with your English conversation?

                 I am understanding more and more!

Simple Present For Verb TO BE

VERB TO BE

                      Be (ser)                                                          Be (estar)

                     We use Be as “ser” for                                  We use Be as “estar” for

                   -Jobs and professions,                                    -places:  * I am in the house

                    *         I am an engineer.                            

                   -relationships                                                 -adjectives of mood :  * You are sad

                    *     He is my father.                                            

                   -adjectives of appearance                              -as an auxiliary to write sentences

                    *    She is beautiful                                         in present continue.

                   - Nationalities                                                   * I am reading a letter. 

              *    We are Salvadoreans                                                 

                               

	PRONOUN	VERB TO BE	PRONOUN	VERB TO BE
	SINGULAR		PLURAL
1st	I	AM	WE	ARE
2nd	YOU	ARE	YOU	ARE
	HE
3rd	SHE	IS	THEY	ARE
	IT

  Fill in the blanks with am, is, are.

1. You ____________ a mechanic.
2. He ____________  a teacher.
3. She ____________ a student.
4. My mother ____________ a secretary.
5. My father ____________ a bus driver.
6. Michael Jackson ____________ a singer.
7. I ____________ a painter.
8. We ____________ carpenters.
9. Billy ____________ a mason.
10. They ____________ pilots.

Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative forms of verb To Be.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I am a student.	I am not a student.	Am I a student?
You are a carpenter.	You are not a carpenter.	Are you a carpenter?
He is a doctor.	He is not a doctor.	Is he a doctor?
She is a dentist.	She is not a dentist.	Is she a dentist?
We are teachers.	We are not teachers.	Are we teachers?
You are drivers.	You are not drivers.	Are you drivers?
They are mechanics.	They are not mechanics.	Are they mechanics?

Present Time 2

Questions and Negatives, Simple Present

          *         Yes - No Questions using "Do" and "Does"

              Present Simple questions are formed with "Do" and the bare infinitive for of the verb.

          

                     Example:  Do you like to go to the school?

              We form the third person singular forms with "Does" and the bare infinitive form of the verb

                      Example:    Does she like to eat pizza?

        *     Present Simple negatives are formed with "do not" and the bare infinitive for of the verb. 

                        Example:     I do not like to go to school. 

         *     The third person singular is formed with "does not" and the bare infinitive for of the verb. 

                        Example:      She does not like to eat pizza. 

CONTRACTIONS

         *     In Speech and informal writing, "do not" becomes "don´t"

              

                           Example: I don´t like to go to school. 

                     "does not" becomes "doesn´t"

                            Example: She doesn´t like to eat pizza. 

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE I

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 1

Simple Present Tense is used when we talk about:
* Personal Facts
          Liz plays on the school basketball team. 
* Facts that are always true
          The sun rises in the East. 
* Routines or Habits (Habitual actions)
           I usually get up at 4:30

For the Affirmative sentences in Simple Present, the verb remains in the simple form, for most of the Personasl Pronouns but Third person Singular, which uses the "verb agreement rules"

Example:

SINGULAR

I come to the Rodeo.
You read the Bible.

He lives in Santa Ana.
She works everyday.
It brings good news.

PLURAL

We study every day.
You write a letter.
They give us permission.


*  PRESENT SIMPLE FORMATION RULES

• The Present simple is formed with the bare infinitive for of the verb
• I like.
• You like.
• We like. 
• They like                                

• We add "s" in the third person singular "he / She / It.  
• Verbs ending in o, s, ch, sh, x,  add  "-es"
• miss     -   misses
• wish     -   wishes
• watch   -   watches
• relax     -   relaxes
• do         -   does
• Verbs ending in consonant + y   change "y" for "i" and add "-es" 
• Study    -   studies
• Verbs enfing in vowel + y   add "s"
• Say       -    says

PRONUNCIATION

Verbs that end in /z/, /s/, /sh/, /tsh/ and /ks/ make an extra syllabe in the third person, pronounced /IZ/

Examples: Watches       misses        relaxes

After /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/, the third person sound is /s/    Ex.   hits    /hIts/

Other third person "s" are pronounced as /z/.          Ex.   sees  /si:z/

Does is normally pronounced /dʌz/  and  says /sez/.